4.ECONOMICS:
Economics also has a great impact on AI in theories like theories of utility and decision theory.
5.NEUROSCIENCE:
The other area is neuroscience which involves neurons as the information processing units.
6.PSYCHOLOGY:
Psychology involves how people behave ,perceive and process.
7.COGNITIVE SCIENCE:
Cognitive science involves cognitive information and represent knowledge.
8.COMPUTER ENGINEERING:
Computer Engineering is involved with building fast computers.
9.CONTROL THEORY:
Control Theory involves designing the systems that maximize an objective function over time.
10.LINGUISTICS:
The area that made huge impact in a way AI developed over years is linguistics. It involves knowledge representation.
A Brief History of AI and developments made in each year.
1943:
McCulloch and pits developed Boolean circuit model of brain which is a neural model.
1950’s:
1. Turing’s “computing machinery and Intelligence”.
2.Samuel’s checkers program
3. First program of ML
4. This Samuels checkers program running on IBM machine could defeat the human.
5.Early AI programs by Newell and Simon’s logic Theorist.
1955-1965:
1.With the Dartmouth meeting the term ‘AI’ was named.
2. Newell and Simon developed general problem solver.
3.Gelertner developed geometry theorem prover.
4. McCarthy invented LISP (programming language).
1966-1973:
In this year people realized that many AI problems are intractable and identified the limitations of existing neural network methods.
1969-1985:
1.Development of knowledge based systems.
2.Success of rule based expert systems such as DENDRAL, MYCIN. But these did not scale
Well in practice.
1986 onwards:
1.Rise of ML
2.Network returned to popularity.
3.Major advances in ML both in algorithms and applications.
Beginning of 1990:
Role of uncertainty, In this age people began to start think about uncertainty. They came towards Bayesian networks for knowledge representation.
Beginning 1995:
AI as science.
During this age, there was integration of learning, reasoning , knowledge representation.
AI methods began to use in vision, language and data mining.